현대 명상의 관점에서 본 천태의 25방편
Received: Nov 17, 2011; Revised: Dec 16, 2011; Accepted: Dec 18, 2011
Published Online: Apr 01, 2019
국문초록
이 논문에서는 천태의 25방편을 현대의 명상에서 바라볼 때 새로운 의미가 부각될 수 있음을 강조하고자 하였다. 천태종을 대표하는 지관은 원돈지관(圓頓止觀)이고, 이는 25방편, 4종류 삼매, 10경10승관법으로 이루어져 있다. 이 가운데 25방편은 본격적 수행법인 10경10승관법(十境十乘觀法)을 실천하기 위한 예비적 절차에 속한다고 알려져 왔다. 이 논문에서는 현대명상과 천태 25방편에 공통점이 있다는 것을 지적하고, 이 공통점은 우연의 일치에서 온 것이 아니라, 25방편의 실용적(실제적) 성격에서 온 것임을 드러내고자 하였다. 따라서 기존의 천태교학에서 25방편을 ‘주변부’로 인식한 것에는 문제가 있음을 지적하였다. 이 논문에서는 25방편을 3단락으로 나누어서 접근하였고, 각각의 단락과 항목에서 25방편의 개개의 항목을 소개하고, 그것의 관심적(觀心的) 해석을 알아보고, 현대 명상과 비교해서 대체적인 공통점이 있음을 지적하였다.
Abstract
In this paper I emphasize that an alternative new meaning of the twenty five skillful means (方便) in the Tian-tai school can be revealed in terms of meditational views in contemporary society.
The Complete and Immediate Practice of Concentration and Contemplation (圓頓止觀) founded by master Zhi-yi is representative of Śamatha and vipaśyanā in Tian-tai school (天台宗). It is composed of the twenty-five skillful means, four types of Samādhi (三昧), and the method of the ten vehicles contemplation of the ten stages (十境十乘觀法). Among them, twenty-five skillful means were generally known as preparatory procedures for the practice of the method of the ten vehicles contemplation of the ten stages.
This paper advocates that there is a similar viewpoint between twenty-five skillful means in Tian-tai school and contemporary meditation. This similarity is derived not from accidental but from the pragmatic character of twenty-five skillful means. So I am against that twenty-five skillful means is regarded as a less important doctrine in Tian-tain doctrine. In this article, I divide the twenty-five skillful means as three different levels in which I introduce and examine the meanings item by item. In addition, I note the interpretation of those based on mindful extended points (觀心的). Through these processes, I point out its similarity with contemporary mediations.
Thus it is wrong that the existing Tian-tai doctrines (敎學) understands twenty-five skillful means to the circumference. This paper explains twenty-five skillful means to three chapters, and introduces twenty-five skillful means one by one, and introduces twenty-five skillful means’ mindful extended (觀心的) interpretation, and points out the common point of twenty-five skillful means and contemporary meditation.